The Louisiana Purchase Posed Several Si free essay sample

As per his choices, he was equipped for ordering his convictions and activities and the centrality of Louisiana Purchase he posted on national extension. Jefferson had confidence in keeping the United States as horticultural land, and that is for it required to grow the United States topographically to keep a principled republic. A few people accepted that whenever United States could get too enormous the republics would not have the option to act appropriately, and obvious disagreed.It may be correct or wrong even you could state it was sacred or not, by and by accept that the acquisition of Louisiana domain was an indisputable endeavor of Thomas Jefferson and that made the countries development. In release, it raised the stage for the settlement and picked up the Southwest and the Oregon County. In 1800 Spain reached a riddle accord to give back the trans-Mississippi space to France, in the trusts that a French Louisiana would give a help zone between Spains progressively noteworth y property in Mexico and the zone hungry Americans. We will compose a custom article test on The Louisiana Purchase Posed Several Si or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The French sovereign Napoleon recognized the trade couldnt offer to anyone without Spains approval. From the U. S perspective, Spain had exhibited a slight western neighbor, yet France was another story. Jefferson was so terrified by the rumored trade that he showed Robert R. Livingston, Americas minister in France, to move toward the French and offer to buy New Orleans. From the beginning time, the French denied they guaranteed the city.Anyhow when Livingston showed that the United States may hold onto it if buying was inconceivable, the French middle person moved toward him to name his cost for the whole Louisiana Territory from the Gulf of Mexico north to Canada. In the wake of managing, the United States bought the whole Louisiana locale for fairly in excess of a nickel a square mile. Practically war with Britain, France required both money and agreeable absence of inclination from the Elicited States, and t got both from the quick proposal of the Louisiana domain.Be that as it might in offering Louisiana to the United States, French had broken its simultaneousness with Spain, who disagreed that the arrangement was illegal. Thomas Jefferson may have prevailed upon the battle the misleading quality of the deal as it violated Article Ill of San Oldness Treaty. Anyway the battle was envisioning him inside over the constancy Of the game plan. The explanation Of constitution was a huge issue that isolated the two social events in congress.The Republicans were expressing that anything that was prohibited in he constitution is unlawful while the Federalists expected to build the constitution to give more effect on the central government. This line of speculation changed with the Federalist relying upon a tight and vast interpretation of the constitution alternately with the Republicans who were going for a far reaching el incitation of the constitution to allow the coordination of Louisiana locale into the association. The beginning stage of the abrupt difference in the two get-togethers needs to do with the concern of New England that allowing the U. S to turn out to be west would harm its constituent power.They were not against the assessment of Louisiana as an issue as they were also needing to select Canada into the association yet for political reasons the Louisiana Purchase was crippling to the Federalist Party. Hilariously, it was the states of New England who paid for the Louisiana Purchase due to its high import commitments appeared differently in relation to the South Jefferson was faced with a trouble, he is republican who is severe to name any move toward that isn't delineated in the constitution as unlaw ful and at the same time expecting to find a stipulation for the settlement to be established.Fundamentally, Thomas Jefferson expected to buy the Louisiana space without the need to ferret the constitution for any acquisition that would make the purchase legitimate. President Jefferson stood up to two decisions either to chase down a holy obtainment that would allow him to make the purchase or sign the settlement without the need of a support from the constitution. Finally, President Thomas Jefferson picked the choice under the admonishment of Attorney General Levi Lincoln by playing on words, which is rather than expressing including another area the U.S, would state develop its space that starting at now existed. In his eighth Congress talk, President Thomas Jefferson kept away from examining the constancy of the Purchase, and as there were a more noteworthy number of Republicans than Federalists in the house the course of action was set apart by the congress. On the other hand, various Federalist congressmen repudiated the understanding, for instance, Gaylord Griswold who not simply took care of the issue of legitimateness of the deal moreover mentioned confirmation that the district was under French precept and not the Spanish one.Federalists were endeavoring to find any stipulation about the deal as they were sorry to state America old be overwhelmed by Louisiana which would realize the loss of their political and fiscal power. By chance, the Republicans joined their case with two conflicts. In any case, if the constitution doesn't detail the privilege of the state to sign settlements at that point is The Louisiana Purchase Treaty unlawful just as all the game plans that America checked beforehand. Second, history has demonstrated on numerous occasions that the U. S constitution never communicated the advancement of America, yet the constitution couldn't be confined to the event when the constitution as drafted, as the Northwest and South expansion were not settled, thusly the unsoundness of the deal couldn't be seen from a thin comprehension of the constitution.The Louisiana Purchase understanding was a critical settlement that allowed the IS. S to twofold its size and transform into a strong force and drawing in the central government Jefferson was a down to earth person who despite his exacting importance of the constitution, thought it was for the best excitement of the United States of America to hold onto the possibility of making sure about a boundless area.The established issues of the course of action prepared for the Supreme Court under the main equity John Marshal in 1 828 to regard the powers of the president to consent to arrangements as an issue right, along these lines completing the inquiries of misleading quality of the giveaway as both acquiring new areas were allowed in the constitution either by triumph or treaty.Nevertheless, the grasping secured pickle, the settlement was a noteworthy structure up for quiet relations in France and the U. S or to be increasingly definite the return of the relations between the two countries to be normal dismissing the organization change in France.

Cheat Sheet free essay sample

Reserved expense evaluated for explicit reason, on the grounds that the tangle made by the citizen doesnt straightforwardly identify with explicit advantage got by citizen Ex. Marge goes to AL where she leases a lodging and eats at a few eateries. The value she pays for her lodging and suppers incorporates an extra 2% city overcharge to support father development in AL.This is an expense b/c the tangle is required by nearby want and doesnt legitimately identify with explicit advantage that Marge gets Tax= Tax Base x Tax Rate Tax Base-characterizes what is really burdened. Expense Rate-level of assessments forced Flat Tax-single duty applied to whole base Graduated duty separated into arrangement of sections Marginal assessment rate (New Total Tax-Old Total Tax) (New Taxable Income-Old) Marginal is the following extra augmentation of available salary Average expense rate-citizens pack level of expense on every dollar of available pay Total Tax/Taxable IncomeEffective assessment rate-citizens sack pace of tax collection on every dollar of complete pay (available and nontaxable) Provides better delineation of citizens trouble b/c it portrays the all out duty paid as a proportion of the entirety of both available and nontaxable pay Total assessment/Total Income Proportional expense structure (level expense)- forces consistent duty rate all through base. Relative assessment = charge base x charge rate Marginal expense rate stays consistent, consistently = normal duty rate Progressive expense structure-forces peripheral duty rate as the duty base increments, minimal expense rate and duties paid increments. Backward expense structure-diminishing minor assessment rate.Ex. AS and joblessness burdens As duty base increments, negligible assessment rate diminishes while absolute charges paid expands Federal Taxes Income charge most critical expense, speaks to 60% of US charge income Levied on people, corps, domains, confides in Employment/electioneers burdens Second biggest gathering. Comprises of mature age, survivors, and handicap protection (SAID) charge, AKA Social Security assessment and Medical Health Insurance charge (Medicare) Unemployment charges support temp joblessness benefits Excise charge Levied on amount Of items sold Transfer charge Levied on reasonable market estimations of riches moves upon death or by giftState and Local Taxes Sales and use charge Tax base for deals charge is retail deals of products and a few administrations Tax base for use charge is retail cost of merchandise claimed, had, or expended w/m express that were not bought w/n state Property charge Are promotion valor charges (charge base for each is honest evaluation of property) Real property charges comprise of expenses ashore, structures, upgrades for all time connected to land Personal property charges incorporate duties on every single other sort of property, elusive and substantial Income charge Most state available salary calls generally fit in with the government available pay oh Excise charge states normally force extract burdens on things subject to bureaucratic extract charge Implicit duty (above assessments are on the whole unequivocal). Understood are not legitimately paid to gobo. The decreased before expense form that a duty supported resource produces b/c of its assessment advantaged status. Expense supported: when the salary the advantage produces is either barred from charge base or subject to bring down rate.Tax benefits related with charge supported resource increment interest for resource Evaluating Taxes-Sufficiency Involves surveying the total size of the duty fires up that must be created and guaranteeing that the assessment framework gives these incomes Static determining Norse how citizens may modify their exercises in light of a proposed charge law change and puts together anticipated expense incomes with respect to existing condition of exchanges Dynamic guaging endeavors to represent conceivable citizen reactions to a proposed charge law change Income impact predicts that when citizens are burdened more, they will work more diligently to produce the equivalent after-charge dollars Substitution impact predicts that when citizens are burdened more , instead of work more, they will substitute nontaxable exercises like relaxation interests for available ones b/c the minor estimation of available exercises has decline Equity-hatchet framework is viewed as reasonable or evenhanded if the duty depends on the citizens capacity to pay. Citizens with a more noteworthy capacity to make good on charge, pay more duty Horizontal Equity-two citizens in comparative circumstances cover a similar assessment. In wide terms, every one of the government, state, and neighborhood charges talked about fulfill this definition.Two singular citizens with the equivalent available pay, same buys, same estimation of property, and same home estimation pay a similar bureaucratic annual duty, deals charge, property expense, and domain charge Vertical Equity-Vertical value is accomplished when citizens with more noteworthy capacity to make good on charge, pay mineral assessment comparative with citizens with a lesser capacity to make good on charge. Surenes s citizens ought to have the option to decide when to make good on the duty, where to cover the assessment, and how to decide the expense Convenience-recommends that an assessment framework ought to be intended to encourage the assortment of duty incomes without undue hardship on the citizen or the administration. Economy-necessitates that a decent duty framework ought to limit the consistence and organization costs related with the expense framework Ex. Ferrier has the decision between putting resources into a State of New York bond at 8. 0 percent and a Curetting bond at 16. 0 recent.Assuming that the two securities have a similar Montana qualities and that Ferrier has a 30 percent minor expense rate, in which security would it be a good idea for her to contribute? Ferriers after assessment pace of profit for the expense excluded State of New York bond is 8. 0 percent. The Curetting bond pays available enthusiasm of 16. 0 percent. Ferriers after assessment pace of profit for the Curetting bond is 1. 20 percent (I. E. , 16. 0% intrigue pay (16. 0% x 30%) charge = 11. 20%). Ferrier ought to put resources into the Curetting bond Congress might want to build charge incomes by 10 percent. Accept that the normal citizen in the United States gains $45,000 and pays a normal expense pace of 25 percent. This investigation is a case of dynamic forecasting.Based on the data over, the normal citizen covers $11,250 of assessment (I. E. , $45,000 x 25%), leaving $33,750 of pay after expense. A 10 percent expansion in incomes would imply that the normal citizen covers 312,375 in charge ($1 1 , 250 x 1. 10). With this new assessment sum, we can unravel for the expense rate that would produce this duty sum. After-charge pay = Pretax salary x (1 duty rate) After-charge pay = pretax pay - ? (Pretax salary x charge rate) After-charge pay = Pretax pay - ? Assessment Substituting data from the issue results in: $33,750 pretax pay $12,375 Pretax salary = $46,125 We can utilize the above recipe to tackle for the new expense rate. $33,750 = $46,125 x (1 duty rate) Tax rate 26. 83% Chi. Available annual duty base for singular personal assessment GAG-GIG less conclusions for GAG. GIG increments available pay dollar for dollar GIG US utilizes comprehensive pay idea GIG-? all pay from whatever source determined Realized salary is produced in an exchange with a second gathering where there is a quantifiable change in property rights between parties gratefulness in a stock speculation would not speak to acknowledged pay except if the citizen sold the stock). Estimated change in property rights; a physical exchange that might possibly have charge impact Recognized Income is accounted for on expense form Ex. Of acknowledgment occasion yet not perceived event.Selling house for $700,000 however not perceived b/c of exception for wedded joint recording status Exclusions-acknowledged pay that is absolved from personal assessment Interest salary from little securities, endowments and legacies, gain on special Of individual living arrangement, life coverage continues Deferrals-acknowledged pay that evil be burdened in ensuing year Installment deal, similar to kind trade Common pay things pay for incidental advantages, buss news pay, gains from selling property, intrigue and profits, rents and eminences, support and annuities, retirement pay Character of Income Tax excluded acknowledged during year yet rejected from GIG and never burdened Tax conceded Ordinary-remembered for GIG in ICY and charged at normal rates Qualified profit charged at a pace of 15 percent (20 percent for high pay citizens and O percent for low pay taxpayers).If the profit doesn't meet these necessities, it is burdened as conventional pay. Since qualified profits are dependent upon a lower rate than conventional pay (a particular assessment rate), qualified profits can be alluded to as specially burdened pay Capital-These are increases or misfortunes on the aura or offer of capital resources. When all is said in done, capital resources are on the whole resources other than: AR from offer of merchandise/administrations, stock and different resources held available to be purchase d in normal business, resources utilized in exchange or business including supplies Loss on the deal off capital resource (regardless of to what extent the citizen held it before selling) is a for GAG conclusion in the time of offer. Nonetheless, the conclusion for a capital misfortune in a specific year is constrained to $3,000 (misfortunes In overabundance of the breaking point are conveyed forward uncertainly) Deductions diminish citizens available pay, an administrative beauty For GAG-over the line derivations, for the most part increasingly ideal Alimony paid, moving costs, operational expense, misfortune on manners of benefits, capital misfortunes (restricted to 3000), commitments to retirement, rental and sovereignty costs From GAG-beneath the line reasoning Itemized findings medications and dental, charges, intrigue expo, beneficent commitments standard conclusions individual and reliance exceptions re $3950 for the two sorts Exemptions-a fixed annual duty finding a citizen may guarantee for every individual who qualifies as needy Other duties elective least assessment (AM T) otherwise known as independent work charge citizens with moderately high GAG are dependent upon a 3. 8% net venture personal assess ment (additionally called the Medicare Contribution charge) and a . 9% extra Medicare charge on earned annual Tax credits-Unlike derivations, which decrease available salary, charge credits straightforwardly diminish charges payable Tax prepayments-retentions and evaluated charge installments

Opportunities and Challenges of Workplace Diversity

Question: Examine about the Opportunities and Challenges of Workplace Diversity. Answer: Presentation: Decent variety is a significant issue for any association. Most definitely, it follows a working environment assorted variety culture to a degree. As a matter of first importance, the association recruits a comprehensive workforce, as Kim, an Asian is herself being employed in the Australian organization. The subsequent point in any case, shows that the association doesn't have a legitimate body for observing and regulating the decent variety strategies, as the administration authority was unconscious of Kims issue. Thirdly, when the issue was raised, the administration authority of the association denied that any such assorted variety issue had never developed before, that shows that the workers were denied of giving ordinary input to the association. Fourthly, the association doesn't have a lot of severe moral working environment codes, in composed structure, and thus the infringement is even more plausible (Barak 2014). Fifthly, the association shows one-sided mentality towards mi nor ethnic gatherings and female workers, while thinking about advancement. The two Woolworths and Westpac have an administrative body that helps in observing the working environment assorted variety issues, and in this way every worker confronting decent variety difficulties can get a simple answer for his issues. This will persuade the representatives, and will enable the workers to work more earnestly. In addition, both the organizations normally convey and update the decent variety approaches, that manufactures mindfulness among the workers. Woolworths offers business chances to incapacitated individuals too, that improves worker resolve and renders the organization more prominent acknowledgment. Nonetheless, Westpac doesn't prepare the representatives to grasp decent variety at working environment, however the game plan of preparing projects, workshops and courses can help in making solidarity among the representatives of a different workforce. The significance of the decent variety arrangements lies in the way that they offer a solid lawful system, against which every representative of the association is constrained to work and henceforth there is less chance of infringement of the sets of accepted rules. The assorted variety arrangements help in rousing every representative, as they comprehend that their each portion of commitment is being esteemed by the association. In addition, by consolidating differing individuals at work environment, an association can likewise make a positive workplace, that makes a feeling of having a place among the representatives (Harvey and Allard 2015). This will help in decreasing the issue of worker turnover rates. Most importantly, when an association presents assorted variety at working environment, it can likewise pick up acknowledgment and ubiquity among the majority, and this thusly will positively affect the gainfulness of the organization. So as to address Kims issues, as a matter of first importance, her expert mastery, abilities and information must be inspected by a ranking director. On the off chance that, she is found to have sufficient abilities and information, she ought to be promptly elevated to a higher assignment. The administration must hold a gathering in nearness of Mathhew Jones and Kim, with the goal that the issue can be settled, and if vital Jones may be approached to recognize his expression of remorse before Kim. Both Matthew and Kim ought to be approached to partake in exceptional workshops that will help in settling the distinctions the two have between one another. Decent variety Policy of Sonic Telecommunication Services: The association must hold extraordinary seats for handicapped individuals, while selecting workers. The existent decent variety approaches will be extended to incorporate new territories, for example, ethnic assorted variety Standard workshops and courses concentrated on the issue of assorted variety must be composed at ordinary interims The workers will be furnished with ordinary assorted variety preparing programs, the investment wherein is compulsory (Canas and Sondak 2013) The production of LGBTI representative system Enlistment and advancement of dark Asian minority gathering of individuals The female representatives ought to be urged to expect positions of authority Giving work to the representatives of the equipped workforce Consideration of older workforce Acquaintance of preparing openings with the genuinely tested workers Checking the effect of the strategies The arrangement of an overseeing director who can be drawn closer for giving input with respect to the approaches A decent variety gathering will be set up Like clockwork, a representative study will be led for assessing the viability of the arrangement The assorted variety approach will be fused in the Vision Statement of the association A worker is dependent upon installment of fine or even end of administration, in the event of infringement of the decent variety strategies (Bond and Haynes 2014) An administrative body will be set in the mood for assessing the assorted variety strategies The association can audit the usage of its strategies, by setting up decent variety warning chambers, the individuals from which will direct the adequacy of the approaches. Business studies will be composed to comprehend the workers reaction to the strategies. So as to actualize decent variety approaches, the association must orchestrate various gatherings and intelligent meetings among the representatives, with the goal that the directors and the representatives can be made mindful of the significance of fusing assorted variety at work environment. Distinctive preparing projects and workshops will be masterminded, which will assist with disclosing to the supervisors, how advancement of assorted variety helps in making authoritative progress (Wambui et al. 2013). Every week the association will compose gatherings for imparting the decent variety plans and strategies to the representatives. By sorting out preparing projects, classes and workshops, the association can advance decent variety at work environment. Furthermore, Sonic Telecommunication Service can likewise make severe decent variety arrangements, the infringement if which will draw in tremendous punishment. This will force the representatives to cling carefully to the strategies. The utilization of worker overviews, setting up an assorted variety survey advisory group, work of a legitimate HR metric for assessing representative fulfillment can help in the audit of decent variety usage programs (Williams 2013). Sonic Telecommunication Service can present upgrades in different regions of its assorted variety program. As a matter of first importance it ought to present an exacting and rigid arrangement of decent variety strategies which every worker ought to cling to. Besides, the association should build the quantity of representatives having a place with minor ethnic gatherings. Thirdly, the association can likewise make a portion framework for ladies representatives in the administrative assignments of the association (Tynjala 2013). Fourthly, the association ought to declare prizes and motivating forces for the representative who is in effect generally cordial and collective at working environment. At last, the association can likewise arrange distinctive fun and fascinating open air exercises, for advancing worker coordination. Reference List: Anderson, A., 2013. Step by step instructions to Manage Diversity in a Workplace.Demand Media, Hearst Communication Inc. Barak, M.E.M., 2013.Managing decent variety: Toward a comprehensively comprehensive working environment. Sage Publications. Bond, M.A. what's more, Haynes, M.C., 2014. Work environment assorted variety: A socialecological system and strategy implications.Social Issues and Policy Review,8(1), pp.167-201. Canas, K. what's more, Sondak, H., 2013.Opportunities and difficulties of work environment assorted variety. Pearson Higher Ed. Harvey, C.P. what's more, Allard, M., 2015.Understanding and overseeing decent variety. Pearson. Tynjl, P., 2013. Toward a 3-P model of work environment learning: a writing review.Vocations and learning,6(1), pp.11-36. Wambui, T.W., Wangombe, J.G., Muthura, M.W., Kamau, A.W. what's more, Jackson, S.M., 2013. Overseeing Workplace Diversity: A Kenyan Pespective.International Journal of Business and Social Science,4(16). Williams, C., 2013.Principles of the executives. South-Western/Cengage Learning.

Why Should I Apply to Graduate School Now

When is the best time to apply to graduate school? This is going to depend on a number of very individual factors – your goals, your experience, your qualifications, and others. Are you ready to take on the application process? Are you ready to go back to school? Can your work-life balance fit school into the equation? Can you afford to head back to school? Do you really need this degree? Do you really need this degree now? You have some big questions to ask yourself and some big decisions to make! Let’s take a look at one of the most important questions – the now or later question. NOW Here are 6 reasons why you should apply to grad school right now: 1. You are working towards a goal You have a specific goal that requires a graduate degree, be it an MBA, MD, JD, or any other combo of letters. You need this graduate degree to further your position towards or complete your goal. 2. You are ready for some serious job growth You feel you are stagnating in your current position and having a degree can lead to either growth in your current job or new job opportunities. 3. You’re ready to study You are excited about the prospect of two (or four or ten) more years of study towards your professional goal. You’re ready to shift your mindset to study-mode, and while it may be difficult to get back into the swing of tests and studying and writing papers, you’re eager to jump in and learn more to reach your goal. 4. You have the work experience You have the level of experience desired by the graduate programs you are targeting. 5. You have the qualifications You’ve done your research, and are confident that your grades, test scores, work/volunteer experience, and extracurriculars will measure up with other applicants to make you a competitive applicant. 6. You are being financially responsible You have the means (or know-how to acquire the means) to pay for your education. You’ve done your due diligence to look into scholarships, grants, sponsorships, loans, or any other financial assistance that you will need to attend school, pay your bills, etc. Goals: Don’t go any further without them Reason #1 above is an absolute requirement for graduate admissions. It doesn’t matter whether we are talking about MBA admissions, medical school admissions, graduate school, or law school admissions, you need to have a clear vision of what you want to do at the other end of the graduate study tunnel. For MBAs, that goal has to be fairly specific. For future doctors, lawyers, and other professionals, the goal can be a little more general, but still must require the education you are seeking. Reasons #2-6 are not sufficient reasons on their own to pursue a graduate education, but in combination with #1 they are good indicators that now is a propitious time to apply. LATER These are 6 reasons why you should wait to apply to grad school: 1. You hate your job You should search for a new job, not a new degree. 2. You don’t want to get a job Hiding behind education because you’re too afraid/lazy/insecure to work is never a good idea. You’ll be blowing a whole lot of money on something you don’t really need, and guess what happens when you’re done with your education†¦you need to work. Welcome to being an adult. 3. Your parents offered to pay for it This was very generous of your parents, but your best bet would be to say, â€Å"Thanks, but no thanks,† at least for now. People don’t pursue higher education simply because it’s handed over to them for free. You need to have a better reason. 4. Everyone else is doing it If all your friends jumped off a cliff, would you jump too? Exactly. 5. You always assumed you were going to go for a graduate degree and have no other plan Our lives are full of surprises. Tomorrow may not bring what you had planned. Think hard about what you truly want for yourself, and don’t just act out of habit or based on expectations. You may not currently have a plan, but you can make a plan, and that plan doesn’t need to include a stint in degree-collecting. 6. You worry that if you don’t go now, you’ll never go Your target school will still be around next year, and most likely in five or ten years from now as well. Try and focus on what’s good for you now, and don’t just act out of fear of missing an opportunity. If the opportunity is meant to be, you can make it happen later. Relate to one or more of these? You will be applying for the wrong reasons and should postpone your application. Do you need help evaluating your unique situation and determining if now is the right time to apply? Already know that the time is right, but need help with your application? Our expert admissions consultants can help you at any and every stage of the admission process. Check out our admissions services for more information. For 25 years, Accepted has helped applicants gain acceptance to top undergraduate and graduate programs. Our expert team of admissions consultants features former admissions directors, PhDs, and professional writers who have advised clients to acceptance at top programs worldwide including Harvard, Stanford, Yale, Princeton, Penn, Columbia, Oxford, Cambridge, INSEAD, MIT, Caltech, UC Berkeley, and Northwestern. Want an admissions expert  to help you get Accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢ Fitting In and Standing Out: The Paradox at the Heart of Admissions, a free guide †¢ Writing Your Career Goals Essay †¢ Can a Grad Consultant Help You Succeed? Why Should I Apply to Graduate School Now When is the best time to apply to graduate school? This is going to depend on a number of very individual factors – your goals, your experience, your qualifications, and others. Are you ready to take on the application process? Are you ready to go back to school? Can your work-life balance fit school into the equation? Can you afford to head back to school? Do you really need this degree? Do you really need this degree now? You have some big questions to ask yourself and some big decisions to make! Let’s take a look at one of the most important questions – the now or later question. NOW Here are 6 reasons why you should apply to grad school right now: 1. You are working towards a goal You have a specific goal that requires a graduate degree, be it an MBA, MD, JD, or any other combo of letters. You need this graduate degree to further your position towards or complete your goal. 2. You are ready for some serious job growth You feel you are stagnating in your current position and having a degree can lead to either growth in your current job or new job opportunities. 3. You’re ready to study You are excited about the prospect of two (or four or ten) more years of study towards your professional goal. You’re ready to shift your mindset to study-mode, and while it may be difficult to get back into the swing of tests and studying and writing papers, you’re eager to jump in and learn more to reach your goal. 4. You have the work experience You have the level of experience desired by the graduate programs you are targeting. 5. You have the qualifications You’ve done your research, and are confident that your grades, test scores, work/volunteer experience, and extracurriculars will measure up with other applicants to make you a competitive applicant. 6. You are being financially responsible You have the means (or know-how to acquire the means) to pay for your education. You’ve done your due diligence to look into scholarships, grants, sponsorships, loans, or any other financial assistance that you will need to attend school, pay your bills, etc. Goals: Don’t go any further without them Reason #1 above is an absolute requirement for graduate admissions. It doesn’t matter whether we are talking about MBA admissions, medical school admissions, graduate school, or law school admissions, you need to have a clear vision of what you want to do at the other end of the graduate study tunnel. For MBAs, that goal has to be fairly specific. For future doctors, lawyers, and other professionals, the goal can be a little more general, but still must require the education you are seeking. Reasons #2-6 are not sufficient reasons on their own to pursue a graduate education, but in combination with #1 they are good indicators that now is a propitious time to apply. LATER These are 6 reasons why you should wait to apply to grad school: 1. You hate your job You should search for a new job, not a new degree. 2. You don’t want to get a job Hiding behind education because you’re too afraid/lazy/insecure to work is never a good idea. You’ll be blowing a whole lot of money on something you don’t really need, and guess what happens when you’re done with your education†¦you need to work. Welcome to being an adult. 3. Your parents offered to pay for it This was very generous of your parents, but your best bet would be to say, â€Å"Thanks, but no thanks,† at least for now. People don’t pursue higher education simply because it’s handed over to them for free. You need to have a better reason. 4. Everyone else is doing it If all your friends jumped off a cliff, would you jump too? Exactly. 5. You always assumed you were going to go for a graduate degree and have no other plan Our lives are full of surprises. Tomorrow may not bring what you had planned. Think hard about what you truly want for yourself, and don’t just act out of habit or based on expectations. You may not currently have a plan, but you can make a plan, and that plan doesn’t need to include a stint in degree-collecting. 6. You worry that if you don’t go now, you’ll never go Your target school will still be around next year, and most likely in five or ten years from now as well. Try and focus on what’s good for you now, and don’t just act out of fear of missing an opportunity. If the opportunity is meant to be, you can make it happen later. Relate to one or more of these? You will be applying for the wrong reasons and should postpone your application. Do you need help evaluating your unique situation and determining if now is the right time to apply? Already know that the time is right, but need help with your application? Our expert admissions consultants can help you at any and every stage of the admission process. Check out our admissions services for more information. For 25 years, Accepted has helped applicants gain acceptance to top undergraduate and graduate programs. Our expert team of admissions consultants features former admissions directors, PhDs, and professional writers who have advised clients to acceptance at top programs worldwide including Harvard, Stanford, Yale, Princeton, Penn, Columbia, Oxford, Cambridge, INSEAD, MIT, Caltech, UC Berkeley, and Northwestern. Want an admissions expert  to help you get Accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢ Fitting In and Standing Out: The Paradox at the Heart of Admissions, a free guide †¢ Writing Your Career Goals Essay †¢ Can a Grad Consultant Help You Succeed? Why Should I Apply to Graduate School Now When is the best time to apply to graduate school? This is going to depend on a number of very individual factors – your goals, your experience, your qualifications, and others. Are you ready to take on the application process? Are you ready to go back to school? Can your work-life balance fit school into the equation? Can you afford to head back to school? Do you really need this degree? Do you really need this degree now? You have some big questions to ask yourself and some big decisions to make! Let’s take a look at one of the most important questions – the now or later question. NOW Here are 6 reasons why you should apply to grad school right now: 1. You are working towards a goal You have a specific goal that requires a graduate degree, be it an MBA, MD, JD, or any other combo of letters. You need this graduate degree to further your position towards or complete your goal. 2. You are ready for some serious job growth You feel you are stagnating in your current position and having a degree can lead to either growth in your current job or new job opportunities. 3. You’re ready to study You are excited about the prospect of two (or four or ten) more years of study towards your professional goal. You’re ready to shift your mindset to study-mode, and while it may be difficult to get back into the swing of tests and studying and writing papers, you’re eager to jump in and learn more to reach your goal. 4. You have the work experience You have the level of experience desired by the graduate programs you are targeting. 5. You have the qualifications You’ve done your research, and are confident that your grades, test scores, work/volunteer experience, and extracurriculars will measure up with other applicants to make you a competitive applicant. 6. You are being financially responsible You have the means (or know-how to acquire the means) to pay for your education. You’ve done your due diligence to look into scholarships, grants, sponsorships, loans, or any other financial assistance that you will need to attend school, pay your bills, etc. Goals: Don’t go any further without them Reason #1 above is an absolute requirement for graduate admissions. It doesn’t matter whether we are talking about MBA admissions, medical school admissions, graduate school, or law school admissions, you need to have a clear vision of what you want to do at the other end of the graduate study tunnel. For MBAs, that goal has to be fairly specific. For future doctors, lawyers, and other professionals, the goal can be a little more general, but still must require the education you are seeking. Reasons #2-6 are not sufficient reasons on their own to pursue a graduate education, but in combination with #1 they are good indicators that now is a propitious time to apply. LATER These are 6 reasons why you should wait to apply to grad school: 1. You hate your job You should search for a new job, not a new degree. 2. You don’t want to get a job Hiding behind education because you’re too afraid/lazy/insecure to work is never a good idea. You’ll be blowing a whole lot of money on something you don’t really need, and guess what happens when you’re done with your education†¦you need to work. Welcome to being an adult. 3. Your parents offered to pay for it This was very generous of your parents, but your best bet would be to say, â€Å"Thanks, but no thanks,† at least for now. People don’t pursue higher education simply because it’s handed over to them for free. You need to have a better reason. 4. Everyone else is doing it If all your friends jumped off a cliff, would you jump too? Exactly. 5. You always assumed you were going to go for a graduate degree and have no other plan Our lives are full of surprises. Tomorrow may not bring what you had planned. Think hard about what you truly want for yourself, and don’t just act out of habit or based on expectations. You may not currently have a plan, but you can make a plan, and that plan doesn’t need to include a stint in degree-collecting. 6. You worry that if you don’t go now, you’ll never go Your target school will still be around next year, and most likely in five or ten years from now as well. Try and focus on what’s good for you now, and don’t just act out of fear of missing an opportunity. If the opportunity is meant to be, you can make it happen later. Relate to one or more of these? You will be applying for the wrong reasons and should postpone your application. Do you need help evaluating your unique situation and determining if now is the right time to apply? Already know that the time is right, but need help with your application? Our expert admissions consultants can help you at any and every stage of the admission process. Check out our admissions services for more information. For 25 years, Accepted has helped applicants gain acceptance to top undergraduate and graduate programs. Our expert team of admissions consultants features former admissions directors, PhDs, and professional writers who have advised clients to acceptance at top programs worldwide including Harvard, Stanford, Yale, Princeton, Penn, Columbia, Oxford, Cambridge, INSEAD, MIT, Caltech, UC Berkeley, and Northwestern. Want an admissions expert  to help you get Accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢ Fitting In and Standing Out: The Paradox at the Heart of Admissions, a free guide †¢ Writing Your Career Goals Essay †¢ Can a Grad Consultant Help You Succeed?

PHP Hello, World! Basic Print Script

Every programming language has it—the basic Hello, World! script.  PHP is no exception. It is a simple script that only  displays the words Hello, World!  The phrase has become a  tradition for new programmers who are writing their first program. Its first known usage was in B.W. Kernighans 1972 A Tutorial Introduction to the Language B, and it was popularized in his The C Programming Language.  From this beginning, it grew into a tradition in the programming world. So, how do you write this most basic of computer programs in PHP? The two simplest ways are using  print and  echo, two similar statements  that are more or less the same. Both are used to output data to the screen. Echo is slightly faster than print. Print has a return value of 1, so it can be used in expressions, while echo has no return value. Both statements can contain HTML markup. Echo can take multiple parameters; print takes one argument. For the purposes of this example, they are equal. ?php Print Hello, World!;php Echo Hello, World!;? In each of these two examples, the ?php indicates the start of a PHP tag and the ? indicates an exit from PHP. These entrance and exit tags identify the code as PHP, and they are used on all PHP coding.   PHP is  server-side software that is used to enhance the features of a web page. It works seamlessly with HTML to add features to a website that HTML alone cant deliver, such as surveys, login screens, forums, and shopping carts. However, it leans on HTML for their appearance on the page. PHP is open-source software, free on the web, easy to learn, and powerful. Whether you already have a website and are familiar with HTML or you are just entering web design and development, it is time to learn more about beginning PHP programming.

Persuasive Essay On Racism - 701 Words

Racism Racism is an issue in America that has been growing, Martin Luther King was a famous black citizen for his bravery of black people as equals. We can respond to and eradicate racism only through a peaceful stand for the love for humanity. The call of Pope Francis to take â€Å" a clear stand for creative and active nonviolence and against all forms of violence† echoes the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King’s dream of a nation without racism. Inspired by Dr. King’s concept of a creative and constructive tension, I seek the following solutions to the violence caused by racism. Education for children, demonstration, and having the time to get to know one another that are a different culture. Racism a growing issue in America, there†¦show more content†¦If kids were to be taught, then they should be taught about how all people of different cultures, race, color are the same no matter what. They should also be taught how they can stand up to racism and be brave during an attack, and to help someone who is being targeted. The long term effect on heavily teaching kids about racism means that we now have a new generation of adults who now have the power to make the right decisions about how to deal with racism, to be with it or against it. Its always better to have a whole generation worth of people to help stop racism than t be with it and cause a mess. If people were given punishments for being racist, then we might have fewer confrontations. White supremacist can and will throw fists at black people if theyre crazy, if someone was to do that then they should serve jail time for it. If someone was walking around then suddenly they were being targeted for racist jokes, if property was damaged, and even physical threats they should be banned from the area. If a black person was being yelled at, being cussed out, then that person should be given a warning. If that continues then they would be banned, then jail time for them. If we stand together as a whole, then we can eradicate racism with only a few minor bumps in the road. Martin Luther King wanted a world where his children were judged based on character not based on color, hopefully we can have that one day. When there is damage doneShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On Racism1138 Words   |  5 Pages It was during the first week of INT that I started to feel more in depth with the racism and its different terms. We talked in detail on intent, reverse racism, and white supremacy after watching few videos for each matter. It turned out that there are deeper meaning and context to these terms than the mere definition. A number of cases regarding intent have suggested that it’s solely up to someone’s motives if they are being racist or not. For instance, we talked in class about this one teacherRead MorePersuasive Essay On Racism1654 Words   |  7 Pageshas still not been accomplished. People get judged on their skin color and many other things all the time and it isn’t right. Not everybody of the same race, or religion, or sexual orientation are all the same. Racism is a horrible, horrible thing that many people in America experience. Racism and slavery go back many, many years ago. All the way back starting in the 17th century. Since then we have had the Trail of Tears during President Jackson’s presidency when he threw the Native Americans off theirRead MorePersuasive Essay On Racism1018 Words   |  5 Pagesit s working at 7/11, always smelling like curry, or mocking us with our thick accents. Stereotypes have always been around, they have been used to make some funny jokes, but others have used it personally and criticize people with it. That is why racism is a big problem in this world with people using stereotypes to verbally attack people, thinking those things are true for every race and not getting to know people before judging them. My friends always turn to these jokes when they want to makeRead MorePersuasive Essay On Racism1317 Words   |  6 Pages Is America Racist? As a privileged white female in the United States, I don’t personally deal with any racism. But millions of Americans are impacted by racism on a daily basis. They are exposed to ignorant slurs and racial violence constantly. Some people say that not everyone is America is racist. That America as a whole is accepting and welcoming. If so, why did we elect a president whose immigration policies will limit entry of millions of non-white people into our country? How is itRead MorePersuasive Essay On Racism1271 Words   |  6 Pagesthe options to chose our race. Yet we are still being ridiculed from what we are born with. Racism is one of many elements that in the United States of America affects our society. However, there is a hidden problem that promotes racism. It is the fact that a lot of people try to make themselves believe that racism doesn t exist. But unfortunately, it still does. Everyone knows about the problem of racism but don t realize that they are supporting t he problem by discriminating against other peopleRead MorePersuasive Essay On Racism1926 Words   |  8 Pagesdifferent culture or has different skin color? Racism is the major issues today and it still exists in our schools, works, and society. Racism at the workplace is responsible for continuous mood changes, aggressive behavior, and have a bad feeling in the minds of the affected persons. This turn bad for the employer and the society. Everyone has right to do something so why do people become races. Today it was better than years ago but still, racism exists in the United States and other countriesRead MorePersuasive Essay Racism1958 Words   |  8 Pagesloose. We learned about racism in the past, but in 2013, but we never thought we would experience it. Racism is discrimination or discrimination against another race , from one that believes that their race is superior. One of the biggest debates in America is whether or not racism exist. Racism is still present in America be cause America has an unlawful justice system for minorities, President Trump is causing racial tensions, and the media is racially bias. There is still racism present in AmericaRead MorePersuasive Essay On Racism1752 Words   |  8 PagesRacism is contagious to this society. It has been a growing concern in the United States for many decades now, however, no major improvements are made by any political officials in reducing it. Many individuals of color are treated unfairly just because they are of pigment. Not too long ago, many individuals in the African American communities sparked out in outrage when individuals such as Michael Brown and much more were racially profiled by were brutally attacked by the law enforcers. Racism doesRead MorePersuasive Essay On Racism1839 Words   |  8 PagesThroughout America, racism is a very prominent topic that affects thousands of American’s. Although racism has been fought for many of years in America, Americans find themselves still talking about the social divide. The subject of racism is all over the news and has even made it’s way to America’s game, fo otball. The kneeling during the national anthem has been a very big controversy that many American’s are furious about. However, for black Americans, it is an outcry that should be heard. ManyRead MorePersuasive Essay On Reverse Racism968 Words   |  4 Pagesblack but if he was white he would have been forced to remove the flag. Is this not an example of reverse racism? Reverse racism is a common problem that causes many majorities to be shamed, harmed, or hurt by minorities. White on black racism is a big thing right? Yes there a many many examples of racism caused by whites against blacks but in todays society it is nothing more than the racism that blacks have towards whites (It’s time to talk about ‘black privilege’). Black people can have clubs

Sciences Hawaii International Conference -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Sciences Hawaii International Conference? Answer: Introduction In certain businesses, multiple promotions functioning in a concurrent manner might be resulting in cannibalizing both promoted as well as non-promoted SKUs. To integrate distributor-level promotions as well as associated forecasts will be allowing Dell towards improving the flow of products as well as actualizing better outcomes regarding availability as well as stock fill rates. In the same manner, to improve the capability of forecasting the impact regarding price changes will be taking place on both revenue as well as gross margin dollars, when it is effectively timed. As per the 5 Levels of Planning Hierarchies, majority of the organizations are having the requirement for a strong SIOP as well as Master Scheduling to schedule production in a more effective way. Why is forecasting essential for a organization to improve its logistics and supply chain management? To increase the satisfaction of the customers For keeping the customers satisfied, Dell is required providing them with the product they desire and when they need it. This forecasting advantage in business will assist in predicting the demand of the product so that there is the availability of adequate product for fulfilling the orders of the customers with short-lead times, on-time. The significance of forecasting is much higher in Made-to-Stock (MTO), JIT Supply Business or Assemble-to-Order (ATO) (Seuring 2013). To reduce the inventory stockouts Organizations such as Dell are required realising the significance of forecasting, even when the organization is working in JIT Process or with suppliers having long lead time. When Dell will be purchasing from long lead time suppliers then the organization is required sending a demand forecast so that suppliers can do the arrangement of raw materials in expectation of actual orders from customers. Regarding the case of JIT Processes, forecasting will assist Dell for timing the organizations purchases for corresponding to when there is the requirement for fulfilling the sales. The less time inventory will be spending in the warehouse, the less amount Dell will pay for letting it simply sit there waiting to be sold (Fawcett 2013). To lower the safety stock need An effective method of forecasting will be having a direct influence to plan the levels of inventory. This will assist in the development of production requests in respect of manufacturing functions, to plan in respect of launching new products, to plan the activities of promotion as well as to plan the seasonal variations regarding demand. When an organization does the utilization of forecasting for planning any of the aforementioned aspects, then Dell is not required carrying out high safety stocks for the management of those events (Fawcett 2013). Describe the three main types of forecasts used within the context of the supply chain. The three main types of forecasts used within the context of the supply chain are considered being demand forecasting, supply forecasting as well as price forecast. Demand forecasting This is regarded as the investigation of the organizations demand in respect of a product or SKU, for including the current as well as estimated demand by industry as well as product end utilization. The importance of demand forecasting in supply chain delves with the aspect of marketing predictions regarding the demand of customers in respect of a product, increasing the customer satisfaction significance, reducing the significance relating to inventory stockouts, scheduling production in a more effective manner, reducing the safety stock needs as well as product obsolescence expenses and also, developing the pricing as well as management of promotion (Ahi 2013). Supply forecasting This is considered being the process of data collection in respect of the present producers as well as suppliers, and also technological as well as political trends that might be affecting the supply. The supply forecasting is associated with the aspect of making an estimation regarding supply of human resources considering the evaluation of present human resources inventory as well as availability in the future. The primary step regarding supply forecasting is taking a stock of the current inventory of human resources such as head count, job family inventory, age inventory, inventory regarding skill, experience, values as well as abilities and so on (Ahi 2013). Price forecast This is depending upon the information collected as well as evaluated regarding supply as well as demand. It will be providing a forecasting of prices that are considered being short-term as well as long-term and the primary reasons in respect of those trends. Price forecasting is considered being an essential analytical method in the present competitive as well as unstable market. Price forecasting can be broadly classified into Fundamental Analysis processes as well as Technical analysis processes. Fundamental Analysis does the establishing of a methodical as well as official process to explore supply-demand in original markets. It will be attempting to do the anticipation of changes as well as information relating to supply or demand as well as evaluating the range as well as direction of price movement that results from the new information. Certain methods in this regard are considered being market research, anticipation survey as well as panel consensus. Technical analysis proce sses are used when relying upon historical data can be done for predicting the price in the future (Seuring 2013). How can a business improve its forecasting abilities? Flexibility regarding forecasting Through the aspect of creating flexibility into the organizational forecasting will be assisting in allowing better precision as well as improved outcomes within the organizational business. Implementing rolling forecasts The rolling forecasts will be allowing the organization in better alignment of the organizations budget with the stated plan of the company while making improvements regarding the precision of the organizational estimations (Gleghorn 2015). Communicating early as well as frequently Since forecasting is affecting every business aspects, the organization is required maintaining an open communication line with every department all through the overall process for assisting in minimizing the concerns as well as ensuring the alliance within Dells functional as well as organizational strategic aspects (Seuring 2013). Involvement of the overall team Forecasting is considered being a team effort so that the departments as well as units are having a better understanding of their requirements. Also, through the utilization of the overall team will be allowing Dell in having multiple traits of stating where the organization presently is and where it will be later. Having clarity about the goals The forecasting objective is doing the prediction of Dells financial future. Forecasting supports in the making of decisions regarding business and to understand their influence prior to their implementation. Hence, Dell is required having a clear understanding of what is driving the forecasting predictions regarding the organization. Tracking of everything There is the requirement for taking into accounting everything in respect of forecasting regarding the next financial year. It is required being alert regarding the trends in the market, behavioural aspect of the clients, and what the nature of the competition is when the finalization of the business forecast is being done (Seuring 2013). What is a 3PL? A 3PL is the provider of outsourced logistic services. Logistic services do the encompassing of anything that is having the involvement of the management of the manner by which resources are being shifted to the places where they are having a requirement. In organizational businesses, 3PL is having a broad meaning whose application can be made to any service contract that is having the involvement of storing or shipping things. A 3PL service might be regarded being an individual service like transportation or warehouse storage or it can be considered being a system-wide collection of services having the capability to do the management of the overall supply chain in an organization (Gleghorn 2015). What is the information you would seek from a 3PL to demonstrate its ability to meet your company requirements? 3PLs Level of technological sophistication The organization is required conforming that the capabilities of the 3PLs processes are having the ability for integrating with the organizations automation needs like the companys order routing as well as tools regarding storefront inventory management (Gleghorn 2015). Financial strength of the 3PL A 3PL that is not having financial stability might be having focus on its individual economic circumstances rather than assisting the organization in improving its business. Therefore, it is required to find out whether the organizations 3PL partners are having the financial stability for weathering major distractions, particularly when there is more restrictions toward capital accessibility. Strong flow of cash is the most significant indicator of financial health. Preparation of 3PL for disasters Disruptions relating to supply chain will be having a significant impact of the organizational bottom line, therefore the organization is required knowing in what way the positioning of the 3PL is done for dealing with them on the logistics side. Irrespective of the growing threat of supply chain disturbances, many organizations are presently underfunding the planning of disruption-mitigation (Gleghorn 2015). What is humanitarian logistics? This is explained as the method to plan, implement as well as control the effective, cost-efficient flow as well as storage of products as well as materials and also information that is related, from the origination point to the consumption point in respect of doing the alleviation of the suffering related to the individuals that are considered having vulnerability (Waters 2014). In general terms describe the roles of six key players in the humanitarian aid supply network identified in the lectures that should collaborate to provide humanitarian support in the times of disasters. Governments The host governments, governments from neighbouring countries, as well as governments from other countries within the global community are considered being the activators of the steam regarding humanitarian logistics post the striking of a disaster as because they are having the power to do the authorization of operations as well as mobilizing of resources. Military Military plays a very significant role as because soldiers are called upon for providing basic support due to their better planning as well as logistic abilities. Aid Agencies They assist the governments in alleviating the suffering that the disasters are causing (Wisner 2014). Donors The donors are providing the funding bulk in respect of significant relief activities. In general, donations are consisting of providing financial means for supporting the humanitarian functions or offering free products as well as services while performing logistics functions (Wisner 2014). NGOs These are including various roles that range from global players like CARE to small as well as micro-organizations that are developing within domestic communities but are having the ability for operating at the global level as well. Logistic and other companies The existence of private-sector organizations such as logistics as well as other organizations is having an increasing growth in the humanitarian relief environment. Within the humanitarian logistics, organizations can perform the roles of donors, collectors as well as providers (Waters 2014). Using Information Technology in Logistics and Supply Chain Management Identify and briefly describe five ways that Information Technology is being used to improve supply chain and logistics efficiency and effectiveness. Electronic Commerce It take into consideration the process of electronic data interchange, e-mail, electronic transfer of funds, electronic publishing as well as shared databases. Organizations are having the ability for automating the method of moving documents electronically within the suppliers as well as customers. Electronic Data Interchange Electronic Data Interchange is providing the advantages of providing fast process regarding information, improved customer services, lesser paper work, better productivity, cost effectiveness, competitive advantage as well as enhanced billing (Voss 2017). Bar coding and scanner These are having major visibility in the super-markets check-out counters. This code does the specifying of the product names as well as the name of the manufacturers. Data warehouse Data warehouse is a consolidated database whose maintenance is done in a separate manner from the production system database of an organization. The organization of a data warehouse is done around informational subjects rather than particular business methods. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) tools Many organizations are viewing the ERP process as the essential element of their IT infrastructure. They assist in capturing the data as well as reducing the manual procedures as well as task related with processing inventory, customer order as well as financial information (Coyle 2016). Describe four activities that IKEA is using to ensure its supply chain is sustainable and describe the ways that IKEA is influencing all elements of its supply chain to adopt sustainable practices. IKEA does the adoption of a demand-driven planning as well as business functioning model that is depending upon real-time demand insights as well as demand shaping. IKEA has built an adaptive as well as agile supply chain with dynamic planning as well as integrated implementation (Fernie 2014). IKEA did the optimization of the product designs as well as product management to supply, manufacture as well as having sustainability for doing the acceleration of profitable innovative aspects. IKEA does the aligning of its supply chain with goals of business through the integration of sales as well as operations planning with corporate planning of business (Fernie 2014). The E-Wheel tool is considered being an effective communication vector with partners, particularly suppliers of raw materials as well as manufacturers, resulting in improved acknowledgement, accountability as well as sensitivity on their part. IKEA did the creation of a code of conduct called IWAY that will be including rules as well as guidelines, which will be assisting the partners for reducing environmental influences. This code does the influencing of the IKEA partners towards following national as well as global laws, not using child labour, reducing waste as well as emissions, following the health as well as safety needs, caring for the environment as well as taking care of the staffs (Dekker 2013). Also, to adopt sustainable practices, IKEA formed a partnership with UNICEF for preventing child labour and as a result, assist its suppliers to manage the aim as well as with WWF for promoting sustainable utilization of natural resources and as a result, supporting the suppliers to manage sustainable resource utilization (Coyle 2016). Discuss the effect that IKEAs sustainable sourcing and supply practices are having and are likely to have upon the entire furniture industry now and into the future. All the suppliers of IKEA are following the IWAY code of conduct stating that they are applying it when supplying to customers other than IKEA as well. As a result, these sustainable activities are having a positive influence on other entities, connected to the IKEA suppliers individual supply chain. This is a type of striking impact regarding the various supply chains (Stadtler 2015) Another impact is because of IKEAs strong market condition. IKEA is considered to be one of the furnishing industrys leaders in most of the countries where it is conducting business, as a result, influencing its competitors. Since, customers are having a keen interest to purchase at IKEA due to its sustainable activities, competitors are having the influence of doing the same. As a result, over a longer period, the entire furnishing chain will be having sensitivity in respect of sustainable practices (Rushton 2014). Describe some of the ways that IKEA uses its customers to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of its logistics and supply chain management. Cost-per-touch inventory tactic This process assist the customers in selecting the furniture as well as retrieving the packages themselves. This is considered being an inventory management tactic. In regard to the rule of thumb, IKEA has found out that the more number of hands are touching the product, the more costs are related with it (Rushton 2014). Inventory Management and In-store Logistics for IKEA This strategic aspect will be ensuring that IKEA is having ready inventory for meeting the demand of the customers as well as reducing the expense of lost sales (Mangan 2016). How does IKEA collaborate with its suppliers and logistics partners to ensure end-customer satisfaction with its products? The organization does the focusing on the aspect of making sure there would occur customer satisfaction via the condition of enormous convincing as well as value during the entire experience related with shopping. Accordingly, products that are meeting the needs of the customers are offered in addition to services that assist the customers for easily identifying, purchasing, transporting as well as using the products (Christopher 2016). In addition, IKEA did the establishment amenities like parking facilities, a food court, supervised play area of children, the mini cinema and so on for providing the high convenience of the customers relating to their activities for shopping as well as adding value to their brand (Mangan 2016). Conclusion To conclude it can be stated that the forecasting is considered essential for a company for improving its logistics as well as supply chain management. In this regard, the major kinds of forecasts are being described in the context of supply chain. A description of 3PL has also been given and the humanitarian logistics has been discussed and there has been the identification of the key players in the humanitarian aid supply network. Through the process of repurposing, identifying as well as removing inventory that is considered being obsolete, the inventory volume on hand will be decreasing. Through this, both direct as well as indirect expenses to maintain the obsolete inventory will plummet. To have a standardized steadfast means to forecast demand will be stating that there isnt any excess ordering of stock and this will be reducing the option of obsolete stock. Reference Ahi, P. and Searcy, C., 2013. A comparative literature analysis of definitions for green and sustainable supply chain management.Journal of Cleaner Production,52, pp.329-341. Christopher, M., 2016.Logistics supply chain management. Pearson UK. Coyle, J.J., Langley, C.J., Novack, R.A. and Gibson, B., 2016.Supply chain management: a logistics perspective. Nelson Education. Dekker, R., Fleischmann, M., Inderfurth, K. and van Wassenhove, L.N. eds., 2013.Reverse logistics: quantitative models for closed-loop supply chains. Springer Science Business Media. Fawcett, S.E., Ellram, L.M. and Ogden, J.A., 2013.Supply Chain Management: Pearson New International Edition: From Vision to Implementation. Pearson Higher Ed. Fernie, J. and Sparks, L., 2014.Logistics and retail management: emerging issues and new challenges in the retail supply chain. Kogan page publishers. Gleghorn, G.D. and Harper, A., 2015. Logistics and Supply Chain Management and the Impact of Information Systems and Information Technology. InTechnology, Innovation, and Enterprise Transformation(pp. 295-301). IGI Global. Mangan, J. and Lalwani, C., 2016.Global logistics and supply chain management. John Wiley Sons. Monczka, R.M., Handfield, R.B., Giunipero, L.C. and Patterson, J.L., 2015.Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning. Rushton, A., Croucher, P. and Baker, P., 2014.The handbook of logistics and distribution management: Understanding the supply chain. Kogan Page Publishers. Seuring, S., 2013. A review of modeling approaches for sustainable supply chain management.Decision support systems, marketing, pp.1513-1520. Stadtler, H., 2015. Supply chain management: An overview. InSupply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 3-28). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Voss, S., Sebastian, H.J. and Pahl, J., 2017. Intelligent Decision Support and Big Data for Logistics and Supply Chain Management: A Biased View. In50th Hawaii International Conference on System SciencesHawaii International Conference on System Sciences(pp. 1338-1340). Waters, D. and Rinsler, S., 2014.Global logistics: New directions in supply chain management. Kogan Page Publishers. Wisner, J.D., Tan, K.C. and Leong, G.K., 2014.Principles of supply chain management: A balanced approach. Cengage Learning.

Research Proposal on Capital Structure Essay Example

Research Proposal on Capital Structure Paper Capital structure is the relation of the equity and debt capital possessed and used by the company. Evidently, in order to develop and exist, every company needs money, so every businessman should invest money into his company to improve the quality and quantity of its work. It is obvious that it is quite difficult to start your own business if you possess little money, so the only way out is to borrow it somewhere. As a result the company lives on debt capital, as the whole production, the salary for employees and the whole development of the company depends on the borrowed money. Equity capital is the capital which belongs to the employer or the founder of the company. He risked his money to start business, that is why equity capital is much more important for him. A smart businessman will seldom risk his equity capital trying to broaden his company or to increase the choice of production, so the only way out is the debt capital. It is safer to borrow many and then return the debt if the company becomes profitable enough, but one should remember that the debt capital is quite a risky point, because the debts should be paid on time. That is why if an expert wants to evaluate the success of the company and its ability to survive in stressful and unfavorable situations, like crisis, he pays the key attention to its capital structure. Every investor who chooses the safest company for investment also analyzes its capital structure to see whether the company can pay debts and avoid bankrupting. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Capital Structure specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Capital Structure specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Capital Structure specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The question of capital structure is quite a serious one, because the success and stability of every company depends on it. If a student is interested in capital structure and wants to increase his knowledge on this topic, he is able to ask the professor for the permission in the form of a well-composed research proposal. A successful capital structure research proposal is expected to be interesting, logical and informative. A student should present the scope of the research, methodology and predictions briefly to make the professor believe that the topic is really worth investigation. It is always difficult to convince the professor in the quality of the further research, so nearly every student who faces such a problem takes advantage of free example research proposals on capital structure in the Internet. Due to the work and creativity of the professional writers students manage to improve their knowledge on paper writing online. Every free sample research proposal on capital structure in the Internet is a valuable piece of writing assistance which can teach to format the paper, construct a logical correct structure and analyze the chosen topic well. At EssayLib.com writing service you can order a custom research proposal on Capital Structure topics. Your research paper proposal will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated PhD and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research proposal help at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all proposal details: Enjoy our professional research proposal writing service!

Military technology and strate essays

Military technology and strate essays Military technology and strategy There were many strategies and weapons used in fighting in war. As the different wars went on, the technology just evolved more and more. They became more convenient, easier to use, smaller, they took less time to load, and they were more advanced. As the men and women fought in the different wars, they knew more and more about the new weapons and the different strategies of the war. These strategies and new technologies seemed to help the men and women out during the war. They didnt necessarily seem to save more lives, they just help out with hiding and during battles Another strategy was where the troops would maneuver outside the battlefield so they could cover a larger area. This was known as a front or a theatreWhen the expanse has covered an entire country; the corresponding waging of war on the largest scale to secure national objectives is called "grand strategy. Another of the many strategies the North or Union had was the "Anaconda." This was a maneuver which surrounded the South, Confederacy, so that they could not export or import supplies. This worked for some time but then the South found ways of exporting and importing.The most popular strategy with the Northern press, the public, and political leaders called for a direct overland march in Richmond, Virginia, the Confederate Capital. They thought that if Richmond fell, this would demoralize the South and the war would end. With this plan, the South's largest gun factory, the Tredegar Iron Works in Richmond would be destroyed. Some of Lincoln's military advice argued that this would invite disaster. Not only did the army consist of untrained volunteers, but an over land attack on Richmond would mean crossing difficult terrain. An alternate strategy, based on the expectation of a longer war, would give them the time to train an army o...

Disablement Models Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Disablement Models Paper - Essay Example is/her environment meaning that impairments do not have to result in functional limitations and functional limitations do not have to result in disability. [1] [2] [3] NCMRR’s model expanded upon the Nagi model by including a specific component related to societal influences as contributors to disability. It defined disability as the limitation in performing tasks, activities, and roles to levels expected in personal and social contexts. The major difference between the Nagi and NCMRR disablement models is that the latter includes the concept of societal limitations as a distinct dimension of the disablement process. [1] [2] [3] Instead of explicit dimensions and the subsequent relationships between those dimensions as in the Nagi and NCMRR models, the ICF is a two-part model organized through more complex classification of health and health-related domains. In part 1 of the ICF model, the domains body functions and structures and activity and participation attempt to account for function at the levels of the body, individual, and society. Part 2 of the ICF model includes contextual factors that are particularly important because they address the significant impact of environment and personal factors on overall level of functioning and disability. [1] [2] [3] NCMRR and Nagi model require a similar setup in terms of the assets and liabilities. Since both NCMRR is just an expansion of Nagi, it focuses on a bigger scope. By comparison to ICF, its requirements are moderate while ICF requires heavy investment and recurring costs to analyze its complex procedures. Nagi’s model was being initially used for most patients as it was a trendsetter. Since NCMRR is similar to nagi’s model, people who have been using Nagi would be well acquainted with its implementation process and can handle it much more efficiently. The ICF model due to its complexity would require proper training and change in mindsets towards a much more modern approach. NCMRR is easy to use and

Rabies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Rabies - Research Paper Example This research paper outlines the rabies disease, its history, signs and symptoms. Rabies was well identified in Europe at some stage in the medieval times, and was in all probability transmitted to the New World, where it became widespread in North America and the West Indies by the eighteenth century and in the early nineteenth century it reached South America as well. Record of the disease in Asia is not well recognized but rabies has been in existence since the early times in China and India. Scientific studies on the disease were started in the year 1803 by Zinke who discovered the transmission of the disease by saliva. Louis Pasteur had developed the view that rabies is a disease of the CNS. Vaccinations were thereby worked on and gradually discovered over time. The time period between the initial infection and the onset of the symptoms usually takes around four to eight weeks or it may be a year at times, depending on the distance between the CNS and the site of infection. The initial symptoms in a rabies disease include fever, headache, fatigue, pain at the place of the wound, and even loss of appetite. Symptoms with respect to the two different forms of rabies have been identified. The symptoms of furious rabies include anxiety and agitation, neck becoming rigid, seizures, tears and saliva overproduced, convulsions, enlarged pupils, unusual understanding of light and temperatures, fear of water, insomnia, partial paralysis, hallucinations, abnormal mental clarity, and confusions.

Geological Influence on the Battle of Gettysburg Essay Example for Free

Geological Influence on the Battle of Gettysburg Essay Battles fought on land have always been influenced by topography as well as geology. Soil conditions, and types and strengths of bedrock are important considerations for building fortifications. Availability of water may determine where military is installed. Mountainous areas may provide cover for guerilla troops. All such topographical and geological considerations combined are studied by military geologists (Haneberg). The information thus gathered is called â€Å"terrain intelligence (Haneberg). † Geology had a major influence on â€Å"[t]he greatest battle of the Civil War,† that is, the Battle of Gettysburg (Copley). Brown describes the area where the battle was fought thus: Each year thousands of sightseers clamber over Little Round Top and Devils Den on the Gettysburg battlefield, and gaze with awe over the mile of treeless plain across which Pickett’s men charged toward â€Å"the little clump of trees† on July 3, 1863. All are impressed by the rocky heights—the Round Tops, Cemetery Ridge, Cemetery Hill, and Culps Hill—against which Lee’s men hurled themselves in vain throughout three days of bitter fighting. Few, however, know that these heights are the outcrop of a diabase sill, appropriately enough called the Gettysburg sill, that about 200 million years ago intruded the Triassic sandstones and shales that floor the broad Gettysburg plain. Even fewer have any concept of the extent to which the movements of the two armies toward Gettysburg, and the battle itself, were influenced by the geology of the region in which the campaign was conducted. The Gettysburg battlefield covers an area of about 15 square miles. The battle, however, was but the climax of a campaign that covered an area of about 11,000 square miles (Brown). The area of the campaign was 140 miles in length, from Fredericksburg on the Virginian river called Rappahannock to Harrisburg on the Pennsylvanian river called Susquehanna; and 80 miles in width, â€Å"from a line drawn on the southeast through Fredericksburg, Washington, and Baltimore, to the northwestern edge of the Great Valley of Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania (Brown). † The Battle of Gettysburg was fought on lowlands of the Triassic Age and â€Å"rocky ridges† that are believed to have been developed on diabase of the early Jurassic Age (Cuffey et al. ). Militarily, the most important hills of diabase were said to have been â€Å"formed on a York Haven Diabase sill running from Culp’s Hill†¦ in the north through Cemetery Hill, Cemetery Ridge, and Little Round Top to Big Round Top†¦ in the south – the Union ‘fishhook’ (Cuffey et al. ). † The Battle of Gettysburg began when Confederate General Lee commanded his troops on to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, referred to as â€Å"the hub for ten roads (Cuffey et al. ). † This was done in order to drive out the army of the Union from an outcrop of Gettysburg sill (Brown). G. G. Meade responded by marching north and ordering the Federal armies to reach the battlefield (Cuffey et al. ). On the first day of the battle, July 1, 1863, deep cuts on a railroad that was unfinished played an essential role in the action (Copley; Cuffey et al. ). During late afternoon, the Union had to start using the diabase-sill strategically for its defense (Cuffey et al. ). The area where the Union army defended itself was shaped like the hook of a fish (Copley). It extended to the north approximately three miles from the Round Top through the Little Round Top and the Cemetery Ridge to the Cemetery Hill; it also extended south and east to the barb of the area shaped as a fish hook, that is, Culps Hill. The Round Top is known to stand at approximately 785 feet, while the Little Round Top stands at 650 feet above sea level. Between the Cemetery Hill and the Little Round Top, the ridge is said to drop to approximately 570 feet above sea level. The town of Gettysburg itself has an elevation of around 500 feet above sea level (Brown). The fish hook was strategically important on the second day of the battle as well. The Seminary Ridge is â€Å"the trace of a diabase dike,† an offshoot of the Gettysburg sill; it rises approximately 560 feet; but where it rises to the north, it is around 650 feet at the Oak Ridge (Brown). Confederates were positioned on Seminary Ridge before they tried to move across the lowland in order to displace the Union army. The latter moved away from the fish hook before returning to it again as the Confederates had started to gain some ground. In the evening, the Confederates tried to displace â€Å"the Federal right (Cuffey et al. ). † However, â€Å"breastworks of timber† in addition to boulders of diabase on the Culp’s Hill proved themselves almost invincible (Cuffey et al. ). On the third day of the battle, the â€Å"Union center† was heavily bombarded (Cuffey et al. ). The Confederates had launched the attack from their previous position against the Cemetery Ridge. A downpour accompanied this day of the battle. According to Cuffey et al. , â€Å"[d]espite the difficulty of entrenching, crude fences of diabase boulders had provided the Federals with adequate cover in many sectors. † The importance of the diabase sill to the Battle of Gettysburg must be reconsidered in order to understand the outcome of the battle. The diabase sill is resistant; it is closely attached to the surface. As a matter of fact, the bedrock of diabase is so closely attached to the surface that it is virtually impossible for army men to dig in. Stone walls are the only form of protection, for example, rock outcrops and boulders that are isolated. Because the Union army was unable to find a place to thoroughly entrench itself, it suffered a great number of casualties. This was the defending side throughout the Battle of Gettysburg. The Confederates, on the other hand, suffered a greater number of casualties while trying to attack the Union army on the flanks and in the center. Because the Confederates were well-entrenched, they did not lose as many men as the Union army when the latter attacked them (Brown). On July 4, the two armies were burying the men they had lost and succoring those that were suffering from wounds. A day before they had faced each other across the Rapidan River. The bridges across the river had to be rebuilt within ten days before the Confederates could try to cross it. But, as soon as it was made possible to cross the Rapidan River, the armies found themselves facing each other across the river, once again, in the position they had occupied on July 3 (Brown). Geology as well as topography came into focus for a victory another time. The most terrain-intelligent army was, of course, expected to win the ultimate war. Works Cited Brown, Andrew. â€Å"Geology and the Gettysburg Campaign. † Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Jun 2006. 23 Oct 2008. http://www. dcnr. state. pa. us/topogeo/education/es5/es5. pdf. Copley, Judi. â€Å"The Battle of Gettysberg. † 23 Oct 2008. http://www. scsc. k12. ar. us/2000backeast/trip/members/CopleyJ/Default. htm. Haneberg, William C. â€Å"Geologic and Topographical Influences on Military and Intelligence Operations. † 2008. 23 Oct 2008. http://www. espionageinfo. com/Fo-Gs/Geologic-and-Topographical-Influences-on-Military-and-Intelligence-Operations. html. Cuffey, Roger J. , Robert C. Smith, John C. Neubaum, Richard C. Keen, Jon D. Inners, and Victor A. Neubaum. â€Å"Lee vs. Meade at Gettysburg (July 1-3,1863): The influence of topography and geology on command decisions and battlefield tactics. † Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources and State Tree. 23 Oct 2008. http://www. dcnr. state. pa. us/topogeo/gsaabstr/gettysburg. aspx.

The Use of Symbolism in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson Essay -- Lotter

The Use of Symbolism in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson In "The Lottery," Shirley Jackson uses symbolism to make us aware of the pointless nature of humanity regarding tradition and violence. The story starts off on a beautiful summer day in a small town. The author describes the day as very euphoric but strikes a contrast between the atmosphere of the town and the atmosphere of the people gathered in the square. The atmosphere is subdued, where the children are "gathered around quietly." The black box is the central theme or idea in the story. It symbolizes at first some type of mystery, but as we read the ending we realize that it is synonymous with doom. Someone's fate lies in an inanimate object, the black box. We do not always enjoy change, even if it might prove beneficial to us. The box is symbolic of our loathing of change; it is old and splintered showing that we cling to what is familiar rather than change and it also symbolizes the traditions of the community. No one in the little town questions the origin of the black box, but accept it as an intrical part of their lives. There is always discussion of people getting a new box, but no one ever really goes through with it. "Everuy year, after the lottery, Mr.Summers began talking again about a new box, but every year the subject was allowed to fade off without anything's being done". The lottery itself is symbolic of the paradox of the human psyche between compassion on one hand and the thirst for violence and cruelty on the other. An example of this is when the children are enjoying a break from school, playing and being children, and suddenly they are being joined by "rational" adults in stoning a mother to death. It appears that tradition has blinded these people in an irrational way, making them unable to think of a reason why this possibly should not be happening. When forced with the possibility of death, human nature in all its complexity, comes down to one instinctive urge, that of survival. When Tessie was in no danger she was gossiping with the other ladies and even encouraged her husband to go and pick a piece of paper. When Tessie wins the lottery; she pleads for another chance and screams for mercy. She demands that her daughters take their chances as well, which is indicative of regression toward our ... ...in. They chose this method of sacrifice in order to yield themselves from the responsibility and burden of murder. Even though the towns lottery has lost all traditional value the sacrificing has held steadfast. As it says in The Lottery ? although the villagers had forgotten the ritual and lost the original black box, they still remember to use the rocks.? This quote means that even though their tradition has gone off course they will always hold to their beliefs about sacrifice. To summarize they held true to their beliefs because of apprehension. So tradition has subconsciously made the community unaware of their horrible actions. The citizens of the village are not afraid of change. They are afraid of what change will bring. The present community has never known a year without the lottery or depleted crops. They fear if they if they disband from the traditional sacrifice their crops will fail. Also their warm safe homes will fade away and the dampened caves that have become so fictional to them will appear to be realistic problems. Works Cited: Jackson, Shirley. "The Lottery." The Lottery. New York: Popular Library, 1949.

Obesity in Black American Women Essay

Culture, Biology and Lifestyle Cause Forty Nine Percent of Black American Women to be Obese Abstract. Obesity is a major factor in health today. Certain ethnic groups and genders suffer from obesity more than others. Around 49% of all Black American women are classified obese today. There are many reasons for this. But the three the Black American women are susceptible to are culture, lifestyle and biology. Forty nine percent of Black American women are obese. This is an over representation compared to 38% of Latina women and 33% of non-Hispanic white women. (Phelan, Johnson, Wesley). Many factors determine a person’s weight and health status. Economics, lifestyle, diet, culture, biology and society all affect a person’s body size and composition. Culture, biology and lifestyle have the largest impact on why Black American women are obese. Health, economic and societal implications of obesity are overwhelming and affect every person in this country. The medical community defines obesity as having a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or greater. BMI is simply a comparison of weight to height. The actual formula is weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. A BMI of greater than 25 but less than 30 is considered overweight and a BMI of greater than 40 is considered morbidly obese. BMI is a comparison of weight to height, not fat to height. BMI is a useful tool for most of the population, but does not work well for heavily muscled people, such as body builders. Fat is damaging to health. Muscle is not. The general population knows that obesity causes diabetes and heart problems. But obesity is much more severe than that. Obesity causes health problems that many find eye opening. Obesity causes hardening of the arteries, increased cholesterol and cardiac failure. In addition to damaging the heart and arteries obesity causes cancer. Twenty percent of all cancer related deaths in women are attributed to obesity (Dixon). Fifty percent of all Type II diabetes patients are obese. (Dixon). Obesity is associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome and fatty liver disease (Kogiso, Moriyoshi and Nagahara). Obesity causes many more not so well known, but still very concerning health issues. Thirty one percent of all arthritis patients are obese. (Dixon). Sixty three percent of women who suffer from osteoarthritis are obese (Dixon). Obese women show a 37% increased risk of depression (Stunkard). Obesity can cause infertility and pregnancy complications (Phelan, Edelman). It even can reduce the effectiveness of birth control. Obese people are three times more apt to suffer from sleep apnea (Visscher, Seidell). And for the real shocker, 300,000 deaths per year in the United States alone are attributed to obesity! Obesity is only second to smoking in preventable deaths per year in the US. (Visscher, Seidell). The reasons nearly half of all Black women in the US are obese are complex and many. We can point our finger at economics, lifestyle, society, biology, diet, culture. Culture, lifestyle and biology are the primary reasons 49% of Black women in the US are obese. Studies have shown that culture can have a profound effect on body size. Several studies have found that the Black American population has a preference for larger body size (Johnson). Portia Johnson, in her article, Scholarly Perspectives on Obesity in Black American Women, references a 2002 study that shows that African American men prefer African American women with a larger body size. The same author also cites a 2006 study that shows that African American women â€Å"describe a model of health that speaks to the Black women’s cultural belief that a larger body size is ideal† (Johnson). African women also have a preference for larger bodies. A 2006 study on ethnic Zulus, Zulu migrants to London, and Anglo Londoners show a preference for larger body size by the Zulu migrants and the ethnic Zulus (Brewis 88). Each participant in were shown gray scale images of women of known BMI. The participants were asked to choose which image represented the most healthy and attractive body. The Anglo Londoners chose a BMI size of 20, the ethnic Zulus chose BMI 26 and the migrant Zulus chose a BMI of 24. Dr. James Kirby and colleagues made the interesting discovery that simply living in a community with 25% or more non-Hispanic blacks increases ones propensity of being overweight (Kirby et al). Similarly Dr. Kirby discovered that living in a community of 25% or more Asians decreases a person’s propensity of being overweight (Kirby et al). Kirby surmises this is due to the availability of healthy food, parks, sidewalks and recreation facilities in each community. Kirby found that a predominance of black Americans live in communities with fewer recreational facilities, gyms, parks and fewer choices of healthy food than other ethnicities. The same study also found more fast food restaurants and convenience food stores in predominately black and Hispanic American communities. Perhaps the most convincing evidence is in the words of African American women. In her article ‘Voices from the Inside: African American Women’s Perspectives on Healthy Lifestyles’ Jill Rowe interviewed African American women on healthy lifestyles and food choices. One woman explains eating in African American culture as: It’s almost like every person in my family has something they cook real good and I don’t want to hurt anybody’s feelings. When you go to your mama’s house, I’ve always gone to the refrigerator. That’s how African Americans show their love. From the birthday parties, to when you have company. My family, when we’re happy we eat. When we’re sad, we eat. We eat when we’re married, we eat when we’re born, we eat when we die. It’s always, who’s bringing the fried chicken and pound cake. (Rowe) Culture can significantly affect a person’s weight. But we should also be aware that biology can affect weight too. Researchers have found that Black American women have a lower Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR). RMR is the rate at which energy (calories) are metabolized to keep organs functioning at rest. Black American women have a lower RMR than white or Hispanic women. This means they burn fewer calories throughout the day and function more efficiently than white Americans making it harder to lose weight (Johnson). A 1996 study found that the Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) of black American women was lower than for Caucasian American women. The researchers measured the REE of each participant and found that the Black women had a REE of 1790 calories per day at rest, while the Caucasian women had an REE of 1949 calories per day at rest. Simply put this means that Caucasian women burn, on average, 250 more calories per day at rest than Black American women do. This makes it harder for black women to lose weight (Johnson). Researchers have also discovered that Black Americans have an over expression of fatty acid transport protein. This means that more fat is delivered to fat storage cells making it easier for Black Americans to store fat than white Americans (Barakat). Researchers have measured and found more upper body fat in Black Women compared to white women. A larger below the skin level (subcutaneous) fat level was found in Black Women as compared to white American women (Conway). Diet and exercise are part of a persons’ lifestyle and both have a significant impact on weight and health. Several studies have proven that Black Americans eat more sweetened foods as compared to European Americans. Portia Johnson and colleagues cite a 2000 study on preference for sweet food amongst African Americans and European Americans. The study offered taste tests to each ethnic group and compared how each group responded to sweets. The researchers discovered that Black Americans ate more of the sweetened foods offered at various intervals during a taste test (Johnson). They conclude that African Americans could be using a sweetened food to compensate for greater perceived stress causing greater weight gain and obesity. Angelia Paschal and colleagues examined the results of a study on self-reported diet and exercise habits of African American men and women. They found that 55-75% of the women in their study rarely exercise. They also found that 76% of all participants did not eat the minimum daily requirements for fruit and less than half met the minimum requirements for vegetables. Not surprisingly this study reports that 62% of participants were diagnosed with hypertension and 14% were diagnosed with elevated blood sugar levels and/or diabetes (Paschal et al). A study that compared fitness of Latina American women to Black American women found similar results. â€Å"More than one-half of the women reported engaging in no regular physical activity. However, the substantial variability in the number of minutes exercised per week points to the need to investigate methods to enhance the duration of physical activity. † (Sanchez-Johnsen et al). Genesis, a church based health and fitness program aimed at Black Americans, found that many of the participants did not correlate obesity with poor health. The participants in Genesis completed a self-reported survey where only 16% indicated they were obese, but when clinically measured 87% were found to be overweight or obese. This indicates that participants failed to connect excess weight with medical risk, possibly due to cultural conditioning, personal denial or not associating body weight with health risk (Cowart et al). It is not all gloom and doom for women of color in the US. Culture, biology and lifestyle are all things that can be changed or at least worked with to lose weight and gain fitness. There are several programs in this country aimed at overall fitness for Black American women. The Genesis program has worked with black Americans through churches and found this combination very successful. Genesis provided health and diet education, exercise prescriptions and a motivation partner. Some of their successes include a 71% less soda consumption, fried meat consumption was reduced from 91% to 55%. The percent of respondents reporting no exercise at all went from 45% at the start of the program to 27% on the post pilot survey (Cowart et al). Just as diet, lifestyle and culture can be changed so can biology. Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) can be raised by obtaining a leaner body mass as muscle is more active than fat. Withers and colleagues have proved this with a study conducted on 49-70 year old women. Their study has found that aerobic training in older women increases RMR. They compared active women to non-active women and found that the active women had a significantly higher RMR. Having a body composition of more lean mass to fat mass greatly has â€Å"implications for increased independence and improved quality of life. † (Withers et al). Black American women have special challenges and considerations in weight loss and fitness. They face a culture that encourages eating and appreciates large body size, a more efficient metabolic system that uses fewer calories at rest, a propensity for their bodies to store fat, and a lifestyle that makes diet and exercise difficult. Yet knowing these challenges is half the battle. With knowledge, the support of the community and their family, and commitment they can overcome these challenges and reach a goal of lifetime fitness and health. Works Cited Barakat, HA. â€Å"Obesity; Overexpression of Fatty Acid Transport Proteins May Contribute to Obesity in Black Women. † Science Letter. 7 Feb 2006. 1218. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Brewis, Alexandra. Obesity Cultural and Biocultural Perspectives. New Brunswick. Rutgers University Press. (2011). Print. Conway, Joan. â€Å"Ethnicity and Energy Stores†. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 62. 5. Nov 1995. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Cowart, Luvenia. et al. â€Å"Designing and Pilot-Testing a Church-Based Community Program to Reduce Obesity among African Americans. † ABNF Journal. 21. 1. (2010). 4-10. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Dixon, John. â€Å"The Effect of Obesity on Health Outcomes. † Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. Vol. 316. Issue 2. 25 Mar 10. 104-108. Endocrine Aspects of Obesity. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Edelman, Allison. â€Å"Special Feature: Do We Have a Problem? Obesity and Contraception. † OB GYN Clinical Alert. Dec 2011. n. pag. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Johnson, Portia; Yvonne Wesley. â€Å"Scholarly Perspectives on Obesity among Black Women. † ABNF Journal. 23. 3. (2012). 46-50. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Kirby, James, et. al. â€Å"Race, Place, and Obesity: The Complex Relationships among Community Racial/Ethnic Composition, Individual Race/Ethnicity, and Obesity in the United States. † American Journal of Public Health. 102. 8. Aug 2012. 1572-1578. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Kogiso, Tomomi. et al. â€Å"Clinical Significance with Fatty Liver Associated with Metabolic Syndrome. † Hepatology Research. Vol. 37. Issue 9. Sep 2007. 711-721. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Paschal, Angelia. et al. â€Å"Baseline Assessment of the Heath Status and Health Behaviors of African American Participating in the Activities for Life Program: A Community Based Health Intervention Program. † Journal of Community Health. 29. 4. Aug 2004. 305-318. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Phelan, Sharon. â€Å"Obesity in the American Population: Calories, Cost and Culture. † American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Volume 203, Issue 6, Dec 2010. 522–524. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Rowe, Jill. â€Å"Voices From the Inside: African American Women’s Perspectives on Healthy Lifestyles. † Health Education and Behavior. Vol. 37. Dec 2010. 789-800. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Sanchez-Johnsen, Lisa. et al. â€Å"Ethnic Differences in Correlates of Obesity between Latin-American and Black Women. † Obesity Research. 12. 4. Apr 2004. 652-660. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Stunkard, Albert. â€Å"Depression and Obesity. † Biological Psychology. Vol. 54 Issue 3. 1 Aug 2003. 330-337. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Visscher, Tommy, Jacob Seidell. â€Å"The Public Health Impact of Obesity. † Annual Review of Public Health. (2001). 355-375. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Withers, RT. et al. â€Å"Energy Metabolism in Sedentary and Active 49- to 70-yr-old Women. † Journal of Applied Physiology. Vol. 84. Apr 1998. 1333-1340. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Bibliography Brewis, Alexandra. Obesity Cultural and Biocultural Perspectives. New Brunswick. Rutgers University Press. (2011). Print. Brewis’ book is a must read for anyone studying, researching or working in health, weight management or fitness. The author takes a look at obesity from an anthropologist’s standpoint. Where did obesity originate? How does if effect certain races/genders more than others? These are some of the questions answered. The author has lived in different cultures and worked with different ethnicities obtaining answers to some of the mysteries surrounding weight gain. She has uncovered reasons why obesity is prevalent in the United States and other countries. And discusses why some ethnicities are more vulnerable to weight gain after migrating to the United States or other developed nations. The author has studied the culture of the Pima Indians of both the US and Mexico and explains why obesity affects the US Pimas more than the Mexican Pimas. Brewis also explains why some ethnicities find larger body weigh acceptable and why some ethnicities have larger males than females and why they find this perfectly normal. Biagioli, Brian. Advanced Concepts of Personal Training. National Council on Strength and Fitness. (2007). Print. This book was by a medical doctor. This manual is applicable to anyone interested in learning more about physical fitness, nutrition, physiology, body composition and exercise mechanics. It is the National Council on Strength and Fitness’ guide for all their certified personal trainer candidates. The manual contains 540 pages with many illustrations explaining obesity, Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR), Body Mass Index (BMI) and physiology. This manual includes chapters on special populations such as women, children and special needs individuals. HBO The Weight of the Nation. HBO Documentary Films; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Institute of Health. Et al. Various actors/directors. (2007). DVD. This is a four part documentary on obesity in America. Each part is approximately one hour long. The parts consist of consequences, choices, children in crisis and challenges. The films explore why the United States is facing an obesity crisis, and what we can do about it now. Various health experts narrate the films. Interviews are conducted with a host of citizens dealing with obesity right now. They tell in their own words the challenges they face. There is significant commentary and interview on ethnicities, females, citizens living in inner cities and the issues surrounding obesity and weight gain. The Skinny on Obesity. Perf. Robert Lustig et al. UCTV Prime. 12 Apr. 2012. Web Video. This video series plays on UCSF Prime TV online. Dr. Robert Lustig is endocrine expert at the UCSF Children’s Hospital. This is a seven part series that tackles the basics of the obesity epidemic such as sugar, hormones, fast food, childhood obesity, and endocrine system. Each part is about 15 minutes long. Only a basic understanding of health and physiology is needed to fully understand concepts presented. Platkin, Charles. The Automatic Diet. New York. Penguin. 2005. Print. This book discusses how to slowly improve your diet over time with small changes. Dr. Platkin holds a master of public health and is one of the nation’s leading public health advocates. He writes The Diet Detective, a syndicated article that appears in hundreds of newspapers throughout the country. His book takes the reader through small steps of diet and lifestyle changes that together create a whole new diet makeover making healthful eating simple and thus ‘automatic’.