The Between Authority And Other Forms Of Power Essay

As its most basic level, power means â€Å"A has power over B to the extent that [A] can get B to do something B would not otherwise do.† (Hatch, 2013, p. 231). And at any level, whether individual, group, or organizational, power assumes a contextual relationship. Hatch (2013) discusses several forms of relational power: (1) formal authority, which emanates from a hierarchal structure by which the power flows downward from those with the greatest authority; (2) counter-balancing power, by which those below the most powerful may relationally exercise control using their personal characteristics, expertise, force, resource control, application of sanctions via rules and cultural assumptions and values, and accessing people with more power; (3) authoritative power based on a legitimized source that, in the members’ perceptions, has become accepted and expected, and thus institutionalized as part of the authority structure. (p.231). The difference between authority and other forms of power is that authority has fewer costs. With authority, nothing is expended or needs replacement to prevent power dilution. (Hatch, 2013, pp. 231-32). And, prevailing advice recommends ways to maximize power and use it effectively. Common strategies to maximize power include: creating dependency; coping with uncertainty; developing personal networks; and continuously developing expertise. Common strategies for using power include: controlling the information flow, agendas, and decision- makingShow MoreRelatedPower And Influence On Employees1533 Words   |  7 PagesIn its simplest definition, power is regarded as the ability to influence to behavior of other people using different tactics to push or prompt action. It is as well referred as the possession of authority and influence over others. Depending on how it is used, power can lead to either positive or negative outcomes. There are different sources of power that one can gai n power in different places such as country, organization or any other place that leadership is required. Additionally, there areRead MorePower, Authority And Power And The Views Of The State1388 Words   |  6 Pagesdemocracy, authority and power and the views of JS Mill and Plato, giving their thoughts, ideas and styles. The researcher will also apply these definitions of authority and democracy to both Mill’s and Plato’s theories of the state. Heywood tells us that authority is, in the broadest sense of the word, a form of power which can be thought of as ‘legitimate power’. He goes on to say how power, â€Å"is the ability to influence others† (Heywood, 2000). It is important to remember that authority and power areRead MoreBourdieu On Language And Symbolic Power976 Words   |  4 Pageslanguage and symbolic power. In the beginning Bourdieu talks about a concept he calls linguistic exchange, this refers to a transfer of language between two people, one who holds capital or assets and another who consumes the capital (knowledge) given by the speaker. For Bourdieu language is extremely symbolic and to go along with this symbolism are certain rules that people naturally understand and follow. It comes from the belief that language can be a form of power, those with power (capital) in a givenRead MoreIntroduction to Max Weber Essay595 Words   |  3 Pages Max Weber( Bureaucracy, power and control). Fredrick Taylor ( Scientific Management). Henri Fayol (Administration). Also it is essential to have an over all view of the three theories and a critical comparison to reflect on how much these theories have contributed to classical theory of business. Definition of management: (1)Management takes place within a structured organizational setting with prescribed roles. It is directed towards the achievement of aims and objectives throughRead MoreEssay Government1525 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to Hobbes the need to create a form of government arises from fulfilling the need of security. In order for government to provide this security, it is necessary for government to be able to use its authority in any way it pleases. Locke and Mill on the other hand believe that government should be able to provide security for its citizens, but in order to do this government does not need to be large rather it should be limited. Thus, the question arises of how limited government should beRead MoreMax Weber Political Authority Essay1414 Words   |  6 PagesVocation†, he states that political authority can be broken up into three different types. He defines these three types as Traditional authority, charismatic authority and rational-legal authority. Charismatic authority comes from a person’s special qualities and ability to hold followers because of them. Charismatic individuals may use their authority over a whole society or even just a specific group within a larger one. These individuals can use their authority for good and sometimes bad. SomeRead MoreChristianity And The World And Judaism1291 Words   |  6 PagesThe ability of influence that an authority has on a person or group of people displays their power. Power emanates from knowledge. The practices belonging to specific religions exhibit their own sense of authority. Christianity is a monotheistic religion that bases their faith on the teachings of Jesus Christ. Judaism is an ancient monotheistic religion that bases their faith with the study of the Torah. Christianity is the largest practiced religion in the world and Judaism is the tenth largestRead MoreMax Weber And Hannah Arendt1602 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"What distinguishes Weber’s accou nt of power from Arendt’s account of power?† The concept of power has been a topic of interest of many sociologists as they seek to define the term. Ensuring that the exercise of power is legitimate is a key integral to the concept of power in present day. However, although the power is seen as legitimate, it also has to be exercised appropriately as; ‘power tends to corrupt and absolute power corrupts absolutely’ (Dalberg-Acton, 1907: 504). Max Weber and HannahRead MoreDifference Between Federalism And Federalism1273 Words   |  6 Pagesby maintaining, by some means, law and order. In addition to that, one system of government is Federalism and Federalism is â€Å"A form of government in which some powers are assigned to the national government, some to lower levels of government, and some, such as the power to tax, are exercised concurrently† (Jillson 40). This system of government power is divided between a national government and a government that operates in small regions governments. However, in the U.S, both State and NationalRead MoreChristianity : The World And Judaism1290 Words   |  6 PagesThe ability to influence a person or group of people displays the power of the authority. Power emanates from knowledge. The practices belonging to specific religions exhibit their own sense of authority. Christianity is a monotheistic religion that bases their faith on the teachings of Jesus Christ. Judaism is an ancient monotheistic religion that bases their faith with the study of the Torah. Christianity is the largest practiced religion in the world and Judaism is the tenth largest. In the

Ratio Analysis of Two-Year Financial Statements...

Title: Ratio analysis of 2-year financial statements: Woolworths Limited Assignment Topic Evaluate the performance of a company through critical analysis of its published financial statements over the two latest years, as follows: Locate, extract and analyse data from the published financial statements to provide a comprehensive analysis of a company’s operations and performance; Structure an argument about performance based on the analysis of five aspects of performance evaluation: Profitability Efficiency Short-term solvency Long-term solvency Market based ratios Present a clear, well-structured report using appropriate style and language. Word count: 2 337 (from the start of the Introduction to the end of the Conclusion)†¦show more content†¦Financial leverage ratios give an indication of a company’s fixed financing obligations and its ability to service the source of financing. Liquidity ratios are used to evaluate a firm’s ability to meet its shorter term debts, and efficiency ratios provide information on the ability of the firm to manage its assets, specifically receivables and inventory (Erdogan 2013). 1.1 Profitability Ratios As previously pointed out, profitability ratios provide information on the success of a firm in terms of profitability. Profitability on its own is a good indicator – the higher a firm’s profit, the better. However, in order to understand and manage profit, its relationship to sales, cost of sales and expenses must be understood. For example, if profit decreases noticeably – managers need to understand whether this drop is due to an equal drop in sales or whether it is due to an increase in cost of sales (gross profit) or possibly other expenses (net profit). Profitability ratios shed some light on these relationships. And just as with profit, the return (gain) on assets and shareholder’s equity may give an indication on a company’s performance. The net profit (NP) margin for Woolworths Limited is 3.3% (please refer to APPENDIX I for details on calculated margins and ratios) in 2012 and increases by 0.6% by 2013. As the gross profit margin (GP) increases by the same amount fromShow MoreRelatedWoolworths Financial Perfomance Case study1593 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿HSC Business Studies Financial Statement Analysis Task 1: Liquidity – The current Ratio = - Current ratio = Current Assets/ Current Liabilities 2013: Total current assets = 6226.1 Total current liabilities = 6866 Total current assets / Total current liabilities = 6226.1/6866 = 0.9068016312 = 0.9 (1dp) 2012: Total current assets = 5802.1 Total current Liabilities = 6766.2 Total current assets / Total current liabilities = 5802.1 / 6766.2 = 0.8575123408 = 0.86 (2dp) Read MoreFinancial Statement Analysis : Financial Analysis759 Words   |  4 PagesWoolworth Financial Analysis Financial statement analysis assists a business entity, business shareholders and other people interested, to analyze the figures in financial statements to present them with superior information about such most important factors for decision making and ultimate business survival. As exemplified by Gibson (2001), income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statements project the financial performance a company at the present and probably the future. According to theRead MoreEssay on Financial Analysis of Woolworths Ltd3168 Words   |  13 PagesFinancial Analysis of Woolworths Limited 10 October 2011 By: Huatong (Claire) Liu To: Potential investors Executive Summary The primary purpose of this report is to determine whether Woolworths Limited is an appropriate and profitable company to invest in. Specific objectives include analysis of annual reports of Woolworths and its competitors (Wesfarmers) as well as interpretation of relevant government and industry statistics, stock exchange, market information and media commentsRead More205321153 Woolworths PAST JOB 1 Essay6928 Words   |  28 PagesAND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS Group Assignment OCTOBER SESSION Report to: PROFESSOR ZOLTAN MATOLSCY Case Study: Woolworths Prepared by: Student Name Student Identification Brent HENLEY 10388039 Peter HOWE 02130033 Christian ORITZ 03005802 Zhiming YE 10669428 ASSIGNMENT DUE 21 October 2009 Table of Contents Woolworths Limited: Case Study 3 Executive Summary 3 Restating Financial Statements 3 Industry and Business Strategy Analysis 4 1. Industry Analysis 4 2. Business Strategy Analysis 5 AccountingRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Woolworths And Woolworths2987 Words   |  12 Pagessector is dominated by Coles and Woolworths (owned by Wesfarmers Group and Woolworths Limited respectively), following a string of acquisitions and expansions by the ‘big two’ parent companies over the past twenty years. Woolworths currently owns 840 supermarkets in Australia as of 2011 (Woolworths Limited, 2011: 86), up 17 from 823 in 2010 (ibid) while Coles owns 741 (Wesfarmers Limited, 2011: 20), down 1 from 742 in 2010 (Wesfarmers Limited, 2010: 20). Woolworths is an Australian based trade groupRead MoreWesfarmers : Financial Analysis Essay1488 Words   |  6 PagesWesfarmers : Financial Analysis Wesfarmers main focus is very simple but an effective objective of providing a satisfactory return to its shareholders. The beauty of this objective is that it is measurable, and they seek to achieve a return on equity, which ranks Wesfarmers in the top 20 percent of Australia’s listed companies and able to manage the portfolio of businesses which make up the group with strong financial focus (Australian Securities Exchange,2008). The ongoing success of WesfarmersRead MoreMid Sem Paper4114 Words   |  17 PagesSURNAME OF CANDIDATE: FIRST NAME OF CANDIDATE: STUDENT ID: SIGNATURE: Official Use Only Q 1 2 SCHOOL OF ACCOUNTING Mark 3 4 5 6 Total (/75) ACCT 1511: Accounting and Financial Management 1B FINAL EXAMINATION November 2007 Time Allowed: Reading Time: Total Number of Questions: Answer ALL questions. The questions are NOT of equal value. †¢ Answers to Questions 1 to 6 must be written in ink on the lines or in spaces provided in this Booklet. †¢ Question 7 must be answered on the separateRead MoreThe Impact Of Announcement And Stock Market Performance2382 Words   |  10 PagesCONTENTS Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 OBJECTIVE 3 OVERVIEW OF COMPANY AND INDUSTRY 4 Metcash 4 WESFARMERS 5 WOOLWORTHS 6 ANNOUNCEMENT 7 IMPACT OF ANNOUNCEMENT AND STOCK MARKET PERFORMANCE AND RESULTS 8 RESIDUALS AND REASON BEHINED CALCULATING IT 12 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Project Includes the Reports of the Three Companies That Are Metcash and its Competitors That Are Woolworths And Wesfarmers. The Current Report Provides An Examination Of The Effect Of Accounting Information On The ShareRead MoreCorporate Finance4881 Words   |  20 PagesTable of Content Executive Summary 3 1. Introduction 4 1.1 Overview of Harvey Norman Holding Limited 4 1.2 Major Competitor 5 1.2.1 JB Hi-Fi 5 1.2.2 Woolworth 5 2. Capital Structures 6 2.1 Types of Funding 6 2.2 Recent Trends of Leverage 7 2.3 Comparison of capital structure with similar companies 9 2.4 Capital expenditures and its financing 10 2.5 Important factors influencing the use of debt financing 10 2.5.1 Tax Advantage 10 2.5.2 CorporateRead MoreMetal, Mining and the Consumer Industry: A Top -Down Valuation Process4100 Words   |  17 Pagesanalyses BHP Billiton Limited and Woolworths Limited. Variables affecting the Australian economy are inflation and interest rates; the gross domestic product; the exchange rate; and economic risks. The metal and mining industry is the largest sector in Australia and the consumer industry is the third largest sector. The present value of the dividend model and the present value of the operating free cash flow were used to evaluate BHP Billiton Limited and Woolworths Limited. Based on the dividend

Barriers to Communication in the Health Sector Free Essays

Barriers to communications in health and social care Communication is simply being able to pass a message and that message being understood by the person it was meant for and well understood and carried out without any problem. When this circle is interrupted either message is lost or not understood then we need to understand why. Barriers in the health sector comes in either: PHYSICAL is when a person can not access the care they want or need because of a physical problem like a walking difficulty or a wheelchair access * EMMOTIONAL:The barriers in the care sector are emotions. We will write a custom essay sample on Barriers to Communication in the Health Sector or any similar topic only for you Order Now If not have dealt with certain feelings before by the feeler. †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Emotions can play a big part in barriers. It is important that workers within the health and social care field do not let their own emotions get the better of them.They must be professional and although friendships can be made it is important not too get attached to a service user or patient. † †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢In the health and social care setting many people may have problems and many things may be hard to deal with but workers must maintain professionals and not show a lot of emotion, yes we can empathise but we should not make a service user feel worse or more upset. * LANGUAGE :If a patient calls at his Gp and he cant speak English and no one can understand what he/she is saying then it might lead to time waste in treating that patient in terms of diagnosing patient ailment which could be deadly in terms of wrong diagnoses or time wasted in getting an interpreter. How to cite Barriers to Communication in the Health Sector, Papers

A Just Moral Code free essay sample

How far will people go to uphold their moral standards? In the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, Atticus Finch’s character is tested when he is assigned to serve as the defense attorney for a black man. This is considered nearly a grave sin by his fellow Southern peers. Atticus Finch risks his reputation, career, friendships, and even his own life because he has a strong moral sense uncommon to the Caucasian-dominate state of Alabama at the time. It is clear that Atticus risks his reputation by defending Tom. He loses respect from his closest friends and family members. For instance, Aunt Alexandra believes that Atticus’ deeds reflect negatively on the family image. Jem and Scout can hardly walk a block without hearing harsh remarks about their father. There is no margin of doubt that Atticus’ reputation is definitely put in danger. Atticus’ career is most certainly put on the line as well. We will write a custom essay sample on A Just Moral Code or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are probably few people in Maycomb County that would gladly hire Atticus Finch after he defended an African-American man. As sickening as it may sound, the average southern man would rather any other lawyer in the state represent them before Atticus Finch. Alabama was undoubtedly a racist state, and Atticus could have potentially lost a lot of business after the case. This evidence truly proves that Atticus risks his career as an attorney. Friendships were dissolved as a result of Atticus defending Tom. There were several instances where Atticus lost life-long friends. One example was how Mr. Cunningham almost ended Atticus’ life while attempting to reach Tom Robinson at the jail. Atticus did legal work for Mr. Cunningham, and even allowed him to pay Atticus with food rather than money. Atticus was good to Mr. Cunningham, and in return he lost a friendship. It does not take a genius to conclude that Atticus desires to defend Tom. Although he was assigned as the defense attorney, Atticus still wants to do the job. Atticus even says to his own children that he could not tell them what to do if he did not take this case. He means that if he does not live a just way of life himself, then it would be hypocritical to establish a moral code into his children. This serves as evidence that it is in Atticus’ interest to be Tom’s lawyer. Atticus is willing to lay down his life for this case. History shows that death was certainly a factor for white men who supported black men in the South. The Ku Klux Klan was an active organization during the time. Atticus was obviously knowledgeable of these circumstances and he went forth and did the right thing. This really shows a lot about Atticus’ character and shows that Atticus knows that death could be a possible outcome as a result for representing Tom. Atticus believes that all men are created equal. He makes the decision to defend Tom because of this fact. His decision should not surprise his audience because they know who Atticus is. They know how much he cares about his town, family, and country. There should not be any wonder why Atticus would risk everything for this case. It is obvious that Atticus did not identify people by their skin color, but by their character. Overall, one can conclude that Atticus’ heart is fully devoted to this case. He risks it all because he needs to maintain his just way of life. It is necessary to Atticus’ well being that he does this case. Atticus Finch risked his life to stay lawful to his moral code. His character was tested, and he aced that test. He did the right thing, and in the process risked his reputation, friendships, career and even his life.